Airbnb makes its long-awaited debut on the public market Thursday, December 10. The San Francisco–based home sharing company priced its shares at $68 apiece late Wednesday, giving it an overall value of $47 billion, according to a person with knowledge of the transaction who was not authorized to speak because the amount had not yet been made public. The shares will trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “ABNB.”
Airbnb raised $3.7 billion in its offering, making it the biggest U.S. IPO this year, according to Renaissance Capital, which tracks IPOs. The company had initially set a price range of $44 to $50 for its shares, but it raised that to a range of $56 to $60 earlier this week, indicating rising investor demand.
Airbnb’s listing comes a day after another San Francisco–based company, DoorDash, soared through its initial public offering, the second largest after Airbnb’s. DoorDash’s stock jumped 85.8 percent to close at $189.51. The meal delivery app raised $3.4 billion with its offering.
Airbnb wants to add more hosts and properties, expand in markets like India, China, and Latin America, and attract new guests. First, it will need to recover.
Airbnb—which has never posted an annual profit—said its revenue fell 32 percent to $2.5 billion in the first nine months of this year as the coronavirus forced travelers to cancel their plans. The company delayed its IPO—initially planned for the spring—and funded operations with $2 billion in loans. In May, Airbnb cut 1,900 employees—or 25 percent of its workforce—and halted programs not related to its core business, like movie production.
But in the months since, Airbnb’s business rebounded faster than hotels as travelers felt safer booking private homes away from crowded downtowns during the pandemic. In Miami, for example, short-term rental occupancy reached 83 percent in October, while average occupancy for hotels was 42 percent, according to STR, an accommodations data firm.
Airbnb said the number of nights and experiences booked, which plummeted 72 percent in April compared to year-ago levels, were down 20 percent in September. Airbnb debuted experiences—from cooking classes to surfing lessons—in 2016.
Airbnb now has 7.4 million listings, from castles to tree houses, in 220 countries. They are operated by 4 million hosts. The company controls around 39 percent of the global short-term rental market, according to Euromonitor. It’s the market leader in Europe but trails VRBO, a vacation rental company owned by Expedia, in North America.
Looking ahead, Airbnb thinks it could see a surge in business from people who are able to work remotely.
“We believe that the lines between travel and living are blurring, and the global pandemic has accelerated the ability to live anywhere,” Airbnb said in a recent financial filing.
It could also expand its offerings further into boutique hotels, as it signaled with its 2019 purchase of last-minute hotel room supplier Hotel Tonight. Still, Airbnb acknowledges it will be difficult and expensive to attract new hosts and guests. Its revenue growth rate was already slowing in the years leading up to the pandemic.
“I do think the company will benefit from the pent-up travel demand once the vaccine is widely distributed, but why would someone want to buy into a travel-related, unprofitable business with slowing growth?” said Scott Rostan, the CEO of Training the Street, which advises Wall Street analysts.
Airbnb was born 13 years ago in the San Francisco apartment shared by Brian Chesky—now the company’s CEO—and Joe Gebbia, who leads its design studio and Airbnb.org, its charitable arm.
Chesky and Gebbia were looking for a way to subsidize their apartment. When they learned a design conference was coming to town and hotels were full, they set up a website—AirBedandBreakfast.com—and rented out air mattresses. They got three takers. In 2008, they formed a company with Nate Blecharczyk, a software engineer.
Home sharing wasn’t new. VRBO was launched in 1995. Booking.com, another older rival based in Amsterdam, mainly offers hotel rooms but has also branched into vacation rentals.
What Airbnb did differently was focus on affordability, letting hosts rent out spare rooms and sofa beds, said Tarik Dogru, an assistant professor in the Dedman College of Hospitality at Florida State University who studies Airbnb. Guests strayed further into neighborhoods than they would if they stayed at a hotel.
“Airbnb offered that feel of authenticity for those who are looking for it,” Dogru said.
That has sometimes been a problem. The company has angered some cities, which accuse it of promoting overtourism and making neighborhoods less affordable by taking housing off the market. Los Angeles, Paris, and even Airbnb’s home city of San Francisco have passed laws restricting its rentals.
Airbnb’s rapid growth—the number of hosts and active listings grew more than 20 percent in both 2018 and 2019—has also made it difficult for the company to ensure quality. Last November, Airbnb promised to verify all its listings to make sure they match the photos on its site. It also spent the last year removing party houses and tightening rules for guests after a deadly 2019 shooting at an illegal Airbnb house party in California.
Relationships with hosts and guests have been rocky at times. After multiple reports of racist behavior targeting guests, Airbnb instituted a nondiscrimination statement that all guests and hosts must sign. It won’t display a guest’s profile photo until a property is booked, so a host can’t deny a room based on a guest’s race.
And earlier this year, hosts revolted after the company let guests cancel bookings and get full refunds due to the pandemic. Airbnb responded by promising $250 million to hosts to help make up the shortfall.
Cary Gillenwater, a university professor and Airbnb host in Duivendrecht, the Netherlands, said the company didn’t provide much financial assistance to him, even though he let many guests cancel without penalties.
Gillenwater usually makes more than $21,000 each year renting out a room on his property with its own entrance. This year, he’ll be lucky to make $2,500. He’s looking into renting the room to office workers to use during the day.
Despite his experience, he’s considering investing in Airbnb and thinks it will continue to grow. Home sharing is invaluable for his family of five, he said, because it’s difficult to find hotel rooms that are large enough.
“I feel like there is a future for them, but we have to get through all this first,” he said.
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