Quebec City

The cultural core of Quebec City is the Old Town, which stretches from Haute-Ville on the St. Lawrence River to Basse-Ville, the site of the first French settlement in the 17th century; it’s home to fine museums, architectural marvels, and the tidy, beautiful warrens that lend the city so much of its charm. Neighborhoods like St.-Jean-Baptiste and Montcalm feature spectacular restaurants, and historic attractions and festivals around the city—including the famed Winter Carnival, a glitzy showcase of provincial and national culture—thrill visitors year-round.

QUEBEC CITY QUEBEC CANADA 08 23 20: Musee du Fort presents an original and unique sound and light show on the military history of Quebec City & Samuel de Champlain statue as "The Father of New France

Photo By Meunierd/Shutterstock

Overview

Can’t miss things to do in Quebec City

Quebec City’s iconic cultural highlights rival those you’ll find in other Canadian destinations, and benefit visitors by way of their close proximity to one another. The beautiful Old Town stands as the only walled city north of Mexico, and encircles the famed Château Frontenac, the atmospheric Dufferin Terrace boardwalk, and the stunning Parliament Building, all of which are close to bespoke clothiers, boutiques, and restaurants. More curious sights, like the Morrin Centre—a cultural center and library housed in a 200-year-old building that used to be a prison—the fortified citadel, and the Plains of Abraham battlefield attach more cultural cachet to this picturesque city.

Best of Winter

The Quebec Winter Carnival is legendary for good reason, but the city and the surrounding countryside offer plenty of other thrilling winter adventures. The icy Hôtel de Glace is a great place for for a hot tipple, while igloo, yurt, and shaputuan excursions into wild Quebec are easy to arrange. Cross-country skiing and snowshoeing are ever popular—more than 1,000 miles of trails link regions like Camp Mercier and Mont Sainte Anne—and the city sits near the best alpine runs east of the Rocky Mountains: Sainte Anne features Canada’s largest vertical drop; Le Massif de Charlevoix is home to more than 100 acres of off-piste skiing; and Stoneham Mountain Resort has an Olympic-level half-pipe and the country’s biggest night ski zone.

Food and drink to try in Quebec City

Before you dive into Québécois cuisine, you need to know a few things. In Quebec City, and throughout the province, entrée refers to the appetizer, while the main course is known as the plat principal. The menu du jour is the menu of the day, bon appétit means just what you think it does, and à la vôtre is a simple form of cheers. Now you’re ready to experience the city’s upmarket bistros, outdoor cafés, and quirky culinary outposts. Traditional Québécois fare—which began with the winter staples of the fur-traders and was later inspired by the cuisine of Native Canadians, the French, and the Irish—is heavy on bacon, maple syrup, and meat pies, and ranges from hearty snacks to elegant specialties.

Culture in Quebec City

Quebec City is as wonderfully varied and multi-ethnic as all large Canadian cities, but is also bolstered by its tremendously rich Native Canadian and Francophone heritage. The fortified former capital of New France, the city lording over the St. Lawrence was inhabited by aboriginal peoples long before the French arrived in 1608. The British seized control in 1759, kicking off major migrations of Europeans, who continue to influence local culture. In recent decades, large communities of Haitian, Indian, German, Japanese and other groups have made their own mark on the city; historical, cultural, and artistic remnants, relics, and artifacts abound, and contribute to the city’s glorious air of différence.

Practical Information

Summer days in Quebec City are long and hot and draw visitors by the thousand, while winter, especially during carnival time, can be even busier. Residents of the United States do not require a visa to vacation in Canada. Jean-Lesage International Airport, 20 minutes from downtown, has regular services to and from Montreal, Toronto, New York, Chicago, and even Paris. Taxi fares from the airport to downtown begin at around 30 U.S. dollars; there are no shuttles or public transport options. Quebec City, especially the Old Town, is one of Canada’s most walkable cities, so you won’t need a car. French is the common tongue, though most people in the service industry speak English as well.

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Alongside fresh berries, homemade jams, maple syrup, wine, and cheeses, Québec’s Île d’Orléans serves up a side of nature and history.
Québec City has an abundance of elegant restaurants, both contemporary and classic, where you could easily imagine you are dining in Paris or New York. Bistro St-Malo, on the other hand, is a no-pretense, casual favorite, albeit one that still serves excellent renditions of French and Québecois dishes. Steak frites, duck confit, and boudin (blood sausage) are among the classic bistro options served here. The setting is as memorable as the cooking—the stone walls, hung with oil paintings and knickknacks, gives the restaurant a feeling similar to that of the many antique shops that sit near it on Rue Saint-Paul. In the summer, alfresco dining on the street, which runs along the waterfront of Lower Town, adds to the cafe’s popularity.
A good start to your visit to Québec City is a stop at the Observatoire de la Capitale, just past the Parliament Building. The observation deck on the 31st floor of the Marie-Guyart Building stands 725 feet high and offers 360-degree views of the city. From here, the highest building in the city, you can get a sense of the lay of the land—Old Québec jutting out into the St. Lawrence River, Cap Diamant to its south, the Louise Basin marina and St. Charles River to its north. New signage added in 2016 provides cultural, economic, and historical background on the sights below. After you have surveyed the city, descend and explore it on foot.
Atop Cap Diamant (Cape Diamond), at the city’s highest point, the Citadelle overlooks Old Québec, the St. Lawrence River, and the Plains of Abraham. There have been defensive structures here as early as the French period—in fact, the location of Québec City was chosen because Samuel de Champlain saw the strategic advantages that Cap Diamant offered. The fortifications you see today, however, date to the 19th century: They were built after a failed attempt by Americans to conquer Québec City during the War of 1812. Students of World War II history may be familiar with the Citadelle as the site of the Québec Conferences, when Winston Churchill, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Canada‘s prime minister, William Lyon Mackenzie King, met to plan their countries’ strategies during the war. The Citadelle is still an active military base; the museum inside is devoted to the 22nd Regiment, which makes its headquarters here.
Today, Québec City is decidedly francophone. While 50 percent of Montreal‘s residents describe their mother tongue as only French, the figure is 95 percent for Québec City. This was not always the case, and for much of its history the city had a significant anglophone minority. The Morrin Centre is one reminder of that period. In 1868, the building, which had been used as the town’s jail (the old cells are included on tours of the building), was renovated to become Morrin College, an affiliate of Montréal’s McGill University. It offered instruction in English, though it would be forced to close in 1902 as the number of students interested in an English-language education dwindled. The institution lives on as an English-language cultural center, and book lovers should be sure to visit the elegant library, established the same year as the Morrin Centre by the Literary and Historical Society of Québec, Canada’s first learned society.
Located in Old Québec, not far from the St. Lawrence River, the Musée de la Civilisation (Museum of Civilization) is an enormous (for Québec City, at least) museum with lofty ambitions. Exhibits cover just about every culture imaginable—at any given time you might find Greek sculptures displayed alongside totem poles, or an inquiry into Egyptian ideas of the afterlife juxtaposed with Australian Aboriginal artworks. Most of the time you can count on at least one exhibition focusing on some aspect of Québecois or Canadian culture, from the history of trapping to spotlights on individual Québecois artists and designers. Many of the exhibits, like a recent one focused on cats and dogs, are designed with kids in mind, with engaging, interactive installations. Even if you’ve been here before, every visit to the museum is, by design, a new experience.
A little beyond the city walls, and just a few blocks from the Musée National des Beaux-Arts de Québec and the Plains of Abraham, Avenue Cartier offers a different shopping experience than what you’ll find in Old Town. This is a part of the city more popular with locals than tourists, and instead of shops selling sweatshirts with moose and maple-leaf designs, you’ll find upscale stores and boutiques. The street is also known for its dining and nightlife options, offering a wide selection of restaurants, pubs, and bars where you can take a break from the hard work of shopping.
One of the oldest streets in the city, Rue Saint-Jean begins in the heart of the Upper Town, not far from the Hôtel de Ville (city hall). It was laid out in the 17th century to connect a country estate to the city; now it connects old Québec City to its newer neighborhoods to the west of the historic center. Today it’s also one of the city’s liveliest shopping areas. The blocks within the city walls cater largely to travelers, and alongside bars and restaurants you’ll find gelaterias and popcorn stores. Francophones who want to shop for books in French should pop into the excellent Librairie Pantoute. After the street passes through the Saint-Jean Gate, there are more independent stores and cafés.
The Place Royale in the Lower Town is a modest cobblestoned square lined with some souvenir shops and restaurants, in restored buildings that span the 17th to 19th centuries, as well as Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, which dates from 1688 (making it the oldest stone church in North America). While it may be small in scale, it looms large in terms of its symbolism: This is where Quebec City was founded, in 1608, so it’s a symbolic heart not just of the city but of the province. The church, which sits in the middle of the square, has been rebuilt several times over the past three centuries; its interior has been extensively restored in recent decades to bring it closer to its original French colonial character. On the north side of the square, the Musée de la Place-Royale covers the long history of the square and its inhabitants, beginning with Samuel de Champlain.
If you happen to be French, French Canadian, or simply of French descent, the Musée de l’Amérique Francophone (Museum of Francophone America) in the heart of Old Québec will be of special interest—the interactive displays will help you trace your family heritage. It’s worth a visit even if you don’t have French ancestors, however, as an introduction to Québec’s francophone community, its remarkable history, and the story of how the culture has survived, even after being absorbed into the British Empire and then sharing a country where Francophones are far outnumbered by Anglophones. Exhibits trace the history of the francophone community beyond the province, including migrations to New England and the Canadian Prairies. You’ll also learn about lost episodes in the history of New France, like the settlement of Cap-Rouge, which existed for only two years (1541 to 1543) and was recently rediscovered. And see if you can peek inside the deconsecrated chapel from 1900 that’s within the museum, though was constructed as part of the Québec Seminary, located next door. This lavishly restored space is often used for private events, but you can ask the guards to let you take a quick look.